|
Michael Attaleiates or Attaliates () (''c''.1022-1080) was a Byzantine public servant and historian active in Constantinople and around the empire's provinces in the second half of the eleventh century.〔Gautier, «La Diataxis de Michel Attaliate», 12 for birth in the early 20s〕 He was a younger contemporary (possibly even a student) of Michael Psellos and likely an older colleague of John Skylitzes, the two other Byzantine historians of the eleventh century whose work survives. ==Life and work== Michael Attaleiates was probably a native of Attaleia (now Antalya, in Turkey) and moved to Constantinople between 1030 and 1040 to pursue studies in law.〔Gautier, «La Diataxis de Michel Attaliate», 12 argues convincingly for birth in Attaleia; Tsolakis, “Aus dem Leben des Michael Attaleiates,” 5–7; Kazhdan, “The Social Views of Michael Attaleiates,” 58 both argued for Constantinopolitan origins.〕 During years of service in the empire's judicial system he built a small private fortune. Prominence on the judge's bench also brought him to the attention of a number of emperors who rewarded him with some of the highest honours available to civil servants (patrikios'' and ''anthypatos''). In 1072 Attaleiates compiled for Emperor Michael VII a synopsis of law, known as the ''Ponema Nomikon'', based on the late ninth-century ''Basilika''. In addition he drew up an ''Ordinance for the Poor House and Monastery'' which he founded at Constantinople in the mid-1070s. This work, known as the ''Diataxis'', is of value for students of the social, economic, cultural and religious history of Byzantium in Constantinople and the provinces during the eleventh century. It also provides invaluable information regarding the life of Attaleiates himself. It includes a catalogue of the books available in the monastery's library, while also offering details about the founder's fortune in the capital and in Thrace. From the ''Diataxis'' we learn that Attaleiates owned numerous properties (both farms and urban real estate) in Constantinople, Raidestos (mod. Tekirdag), Selymbria (mod. Silivri). Around 1079/80 Michael Attaleiates circulated ''The History,'' a political and military history of the Byzantine Empire from 1034 to 1079. This vivid and largely reliable presentation of the empire's declining fortunes after the end of the Macedonian dynasty, offered Attaleiates the opportunity to engage with political questions of his time also addressed, albeit often from a different point of view, by his contemporary Michael Psellos.〔Krallis, “Michael Attaleiates as a Reader of Psellos”〕 ''The History'' concludes with a long encomium to Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, to whom the whole work is dedicated. On account of this encomium and dedication, Attaleiates was for years considered an honest supporter of this elderly and largely ineffective emperor. Careful reading of his text, however, suggests that the words of praise may be less than honest. Instead Attaleiates appears to be partial towards the young military commander and future emperor Alexios Komnenos.〔Krallis, ''Michael Attaleiates and the Politics of Imperial Decline'', 213-28〕 Attaleiates probably died around 1080, shortly before the beginning of the Komnenian era. He therefore had no chance to rededicate his work to the founder of the Komnenian dynasty, Alexios I Komnenos, whom ''The History'' treats as a potential saviour of the Byzantine state. He was outlived by his son Theodore, who died sometime before 1085. Their bodies, along with those of the judge's two wives, Eirene and Sophia, were put to rest on the grounds of the church of St. George of the Cypresses in the southwestern side of Constantinople. This was the area where the family's Constantinopolitan estates were likely clustered, close to the monastery of Christ Panoikteirmon, of which the Attaleiatai were patrons. One may still visit the church of St George ((Samatya Aya Yorgi Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi )), which today, after two fires and extensive reconstruction, bears no resemblance to the church of Attaleiates' day.〔Attaleiates, ''Diataxis'' and Krallis, ''Michael Attaleiates and the Politics of Imperial Decline, ''235-36 for the localization of Attaleiates' property in the southwestern side of Constantinople〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Attaleiates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|